为政篇第二

2.1 子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰居其所而众星共之。”

【译文】孔子说：“用道德来治理国政，自己便会像北极星一般，在一定的位置上，别的星辰都环绕着它。”

2.1. A prince, said the Master, should rule his state by virtue as the polar star which keeps its place among the stars turning around it.

2.2 子曰：“《诗》三百，一言以蔽之，曰：‘思无邪'。”

【译文】孔子说：“《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是‘思想纯正’。”

2.2. There are three hundred poems in the Book of Poetry, said the Master. In a word, there is nothing improper.

2.3 子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。”

【译文】孔子说：“用政法来诱导他们，使用刑罚来整顿他们，人民只是暂时地免于罪过，却没有廉耻之心。如果用道德来诱导他们，使用礼教来整顿他们，人民不但有廉耻之心，而且人心归服。”

2.3. If the people are governed by laws, said the Master, and order is kept by punishment, they would be obedient but not conscientious. If they are led by virtue and order is kept by the rites, they would be conscientious and act in agreement with what is right.

2.4 子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”

【译文】孔子说：“我十五岁，有志于学问；三十岁，[懂礼仪，]说话做事都有把握；四十岁，[掌握了各种知识，]不致迷惑；五十岁，得知天命；六十岁，一听别人言语，便可以分别真假，判明是非；到了七十岁，便随心所欲，任何念头不越出规矩。”

2.4. At fifteen, said the Master, I was fond of learning. At thirty, I was established. At forty, I did not waver. At fifty, I knew my sacred mission. At sixty, I had a discerning ear. At seventy, I could do what I would without going beyond what is right.

2.5 孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰，无违。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”

【译文】孟懿子向孔子问孝道。孔子说：“不要违背礼节。”不久，樊迟替孔子赶车子，孔子便告诉他说：“孟孙向我问孝道，我答复说，不要违背礼节。”樊迟道：“这是什么意思？”孔子道：“父母活着，依规定的礼节侍奉他们；死了，依规定的礼节埋葬他们，祭祀他们。”

2.5. When Meng Yi Zi asked about filial duty, the Master said, “Do nothing in disagreement with the rites.” When Fan Chi was driving his carriage for him, the Master told him how he answered the question of Meng Yi Zi. When Fan Chi asked for an explanation, the Master said, “Parents should be served in agreement with the rites while alive; when dead, they should be buried and the sacrifice be offered in agreement with the rites.”

2.6 孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之忧。”

【译文】孟武伯向孔子请教孝道。孔子道：“做爹娘的只是为孝子的疾病发愁。”

2.6. When the son of Meng Yi Zi asked about filial duty, the Master said, “Do not let your parents worry about their health! ”

2.7 子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马，皆能有养；不敬，何以别乎？”

【译文】子游问孝道。孔子说：“现在的所谓孝，就是说能够养活爹娘便行了。对于狗马都能够得到饲养；若不存心严肃地孝顺父母，那养活爹娘和饲养狗马怎样去分别呢？”

2.7. When Zi You asked about filial duty, the Master said, “Filial sons of today only take care their parents are well fed. But even dogs and horses are well fed now. What is the difference if their parents are fed without reverence? ”

2.8 子夏问孝。子曰：“色难。有事，弟子服其劳；有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？”

【译文】子夏问孝道。孔子道：“儿子在父母前经常有愉悦的容色，是件难事。有事情，年轻人效劳；有酒有肴，年长的人吃喝，难道这竟可认为是孝么？”

2.8. When Zi Xia asked about filial duty, the Master said, “It is difficult to appear happy in trouble. If the young serve the old and feed them with wine and food before themselves, but with troubled looks, could they be called filial sons? ”

2.9 子曰：“吾与回言终日，不违，如愚。退而省其私，亦足以发，回也不愚。”

【译文】孔子说：“我整天和颜回讲学，他从不提反对意见和疑问，像个蠢人。等他退回去自己研究，却也能发挥，可见颜回并不愚蠢。”

2.9. When I talked with Yan Hui all day long, said the Master, he never disagreed with me as if he were stupid. When he retired to do his work all by himself, I found nothing in disagreement with my teaching. Hui is not stupid at all.

2.10 子曰：“视其所以，观其所由，察其所安。人焉瘦哉？人焉瘦哉？”

【译文】孔子说：“考查一个人所结交的朋友；观察他为达到一定目的所采用的方式方法；了解他的心情，安于什么，不安于什么。那么，这个人怎样隐藏得住呢？这个人怎样隐藏得住呢？”

2.10. See what a man does, said the Master, examine why he has done so, and observe whether he is content. Can his character remain hidden? Can it remain hidden？

2.11 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”

【译文】孔子说：“在温习旧知识时，能有新体会、新发现，就可以做老师了。”

2.11. One who can learn something new while reviewing what he has learned, said the Master, is fit to be a teacher.

2.12 子曰：“君子不器。”

【译文】孔子说：“君子不像器皿一般，(只有一定的用途)”

2.12. An intelligentleman, said the Master, is not a mere implement.